What is a chemical reaction? We've seen the paper burn to ashes. What is such a change called? Why did this happen? The substances found in nature undergo either physical changes or chemical changes.
When there is a chemical change,
one type of substance becomes another type of substance. The process of
chemical change is expressed as a chemical reaction.
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| what is a chemical reaction? |
What is a chemical reaction? What are its types, what are the factors that affect it? All of these will be discussed in this article. Let us first understand what is a chemical reaction?
What is a chemical reaction?
The process by which one type of
substance is converted into another type of substance is called a chemical
reaction. In such a reaction, the basic properties of the substance also
change.
When a chemical change occurs,
the bonds in the molecules of the reacting substances break down due to heat,
pressure, catalysts, etc. Atoms and molecules of the reacting substances are
exchanged, organized, or dissolved to form a new product.
The chemical reaction is
expressed by formula equations. The method of representing the substances
involved and produced in a chemical reaction by means and formulas is called a
chemical equation.
See also: What is greenhouse gases?
Reactive substance (Reactants)
Substances that take part in a
chemical reactions are called reaction substances.
For example: In 2H2 +
O2 ® 2H2O, H2
and O2 are reactants.
Manufactured substances (products)
The substances formed by chemical
reactions are called products.
For example: In 2H2 +
O2 ® 2H2O,
2H2O is a product.
Types of chemical reactions
Chemical reactions are divided
into different types based on the process by which the reacting substances are
chemically transformed into products. Some of the important types are as
follows.
Combination reaction
A chemical reaction in which two
or more reacting substances combine to form a single product is called a
combination reaction. For example, let's look at the equations of reactions
below.
2K + Cl2 ® 2KCL
Potassium + Chlorine ® Potassium Chloride
2Al + N2 ® 2AlN
Aluminum + Nitrogen ® Aluminum Nitrate
4Fe + 3O2 ® 2Fe2O3
Iron + Oxygen ® Ferric Oxide
2N1 + Cl2 ®
2Nacl
Nitrogen + Hydrogen ® Sodium Chloride
In all of the above reactions,
the two reacting substances combine to form a single product, so these reactions
are a combination reaction.
Decomposition reaction
A chemical reaction in which a
single reaction substance decomposes into two or more produced substances due
to heat, pressure, light, etc. is called a decomposition reaction. For example,
let's look at the equations of reactions below.
2H2O ®
2H2 + O2
Water ® Hydrogen + Oxygen
NH4OH ® NH3 + H2O
Ammonium Hydroxide ® Ammonia + Water
CaCo3 ® CaO + CO2
Calcium Carbonate ® Calcium Oxide + Carbon Dioxide
2KClO3 ® 2KCl + 3O2
Potassium Chlorate ® Potassium Chloride + Oxygen
Displacement reaction
Displacement reaction is the process by which atoms or radicals of one reacting substance are replaced by
atoms or radicals of another reactive substance to form new products. For example, let's look at some of the displacement reaction equations below.
2K + 2HCl ®
2KCl + H2
Potassium + Hydrochloric Acid ® Potassium Chloride + Hydrogen
Ca +H2SO4 ®
CaSO4 + H2
Calcium + Sulfuric Acid ® Calcium Sulfate + Hydrogen
NaCl + AgNO3 ® NaNO3 + AgCl
Sodium Chloride + Silver Nitrate ® Sodium Nitrate + Silver
chloride
Acid-base reaction
The chemical reaction between
acids and bases to form salts and water is called acid-base reaction. During
the acid-base reaction, the acidity of the acid, and the alkalinity of the base
are removed and neutral substances are formed. So this type of reaction is also
called a neutralization reaction.
These are some examples of
acid-base reactions.
NaOH + HCl ® NaCl +H2O
Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrochloric
Acid ® Sodium chloride + Water
KOH + HNO3 ® KNO3 + H2O
Potassium Hydroxide + Nitric Acid
® Potassium Nitrate + Water
FeO + H2SO4
® FeSO4 + H2O
Ferrous Oxide + Sulfuric Acid ® Ferrous Sulfate + Water
CaO + 2HCl ® CaCl2 + H2O
Calcium Oxide +Hydrochloric Acid ® Calcium Chloride + Water
Factors that affect a chemical reaction
Chemical reactions occur at
different rates. The reaction between some substances is fast while the
chemical reaction between some substances is slow. Some chemical reactions can
occur only when the reacting substances come in contact, while some reactions
require other conditions such as heat, pressure, catalysts, etc. Here we will
learn about the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction.
The factors that affect the rate
of a chemical reaction are as follows:
Temperature
Generally, as the temperature of
the reacting material increases, the rate of a chemical reaction also
increases. Reducing the temperature also reduces the rate of a chemical
reaction. In order to increase the temperature, the reacting material has to be
heated properly. As the temperature of the reacting material increases, their
molecules become more movable. Molecules break down and regroup faster. Thus
the rate of chemical reaction increases as the temperature rises.
Pressure
The chemical reaction between
gases depends on the pressure of the reacting condition. Generally, as the
pressure of gas increases, the rate of chemical reaction also gradually
increases. In the case of high pressure, the chemical reaction is faster. The
chemical reaction between some gases is possible only at high pressure. For
example, high pressure is required to produce ammonia gas by a chemical
reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen.
High Pressure
N2 + 3H2 ®
2NH3
Surface area
During a chemical reaction, if
the surface area of the reacting substances is less, the chemical reaction is
slower. But if the surface area is large the chemical reaction becomes fast.
Therefore, the rate of a chemical reaction can be increased by increasing the surface area of the reacting substances.
Light
Light is needed in any chemical
reaction. In the presence of light the rate of chemical reaction increases. The
following chemical reactions take place in the presence of light.
Sunlight
6CO2 + 6H2O ® C6H12O6 + 6O2
Catalyst
Chemicals that increase or
decrease the rate of a chemical reaction are called catalysts. These substances
are not consumed after the chemical reaction is over and do not change. They
only increase or decrease the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst that
increases the rate of a chemical reaction is called a positive catalyst.
Similarly, catalysts that reduce the rate of chemical reactions are called
negative catalysts.
E.g.
MnO2
2KClO3 ® 2KCl + 3O2
Here MnO2 acts as a
positive catalyst.
C3H5(OH)3
2H2O2 ® 2H2O + O2
Here C3H5(OH)3
acts as a negative catalyst.
Characteristics of catalyst
At the end of the chemical reaction, there is no change in
the weight and chemical composition of the catalyst.
They do not trigger a reaction. But they affect the speed
of the chemical reaction that has already begun.
What is an exothermic reaction?
The chemical reaction that releases heat during a reaction
is called an exothermic reaction.
Some examples of an exothermic reaction.
C + O2 ®
CO2 + Heat
Zn + 2HCl ® ZnCl2 + H2
+ Heat
See also: What is global warming?
What is an endothermic reaction?
The chemical reaction that absorbs heat during a reaction
is called an endothermic reaction.
Some example of an endothermic reaction.
N2 + O2 + Heat ® 2NO
Conclusion: Every moment we are surrounded by some kind of chemical
reaction. From this, new substances are formed and some substances are
destroyed.
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about what is a chemical reaction? as well as its types, and definition
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